Israeli army used controversial 'Lavender' AI system to create 'kill list' of Palestinian militants and bomb 37,000 targets, report claims

The Israeli army has been using an AI system to populate its 'kill list' of alleged Hamas terrorists, leading to the deaths of women and children, a new report claims.

The report cited six Israeli intelligence officers, who admitted to using an AI called 'Lavender' to classify as many as 37,000 Palestinians as suspected militants — marking these people and their homes as acceptable targets for air strikes.

Israel has vehemently denied the AI's role with an army spokesperson describing the system as 'auxiliary tools that assist officers in the process of incrimination.'

Lavender was trained on data from Israeli intelligence's decades-long surveillance of Palestinian populations, using the digital footprints of known militants as a model for what signal to look for in the noise, according to the report.

The intel sources noted that human officers scanned each AI-chosen target for about '20 seconds' before giving their 'stamp' of approval, despite an internal study that had determined Lavender AI misidentified people 10 percent of the time.  

Lavender's decisions, they said, were used to plan nighttime air strikes on homes where alleged combatants and their families slept, with guidelines authorizing 15-to-20 bystander deaths as 'collateral damage' per each low-level militant target. 

Estimates from inside Gaza, corroborated by outside peer-reviewed medical analyses from Johns Hopkins and using independent satellite imagery, have tallied the Palestinian death toll at surpassing 30,000 lives, with Israeli intelligence sources personally attesting to thousands killed in these AI-selected air strikes.

Approval to let Lavender effectively draft the Israeli Defense Force (IDF) official kill lists began just two weeks into the war in October 2022, according to reporters with +972 magazine and Local Call, who collaborated on the investigative report.

The IDF, according their Israeli intel sources, issued guidelines on how many Palestinian civilians were allowed to be killed as surrounding 'collateral damage': up to 100 bystanders in the case of an alleged Hamas 'brigade commander.'

Lavender AI's software took information from Unit 8200, Israel's decades-long mass surveillance of Palestinians, including the 2.3 million residents of the Gaza Strip, to score each on a scale of 1-to-100 on their likelihood to be a Hamas or PIJ militant.

The AI was trained on known militants, defining data similar to data on those militants as 'features' contributing to a high rating.

Actions like being in a WhatsApp group that included a documented Hamas militant were among the 'thousands' of criteria that added to a person's 1-to-100 score. 

'At 5am, [the Israeli Air Force] would come and bomb all the houses that we had marked,' said one senior Israeli intelligence officer, only referred to as 'B.'

'We took out thousands of people. We didn't go through them one by one — we put everything into automated systems, and as soon as one of [the marked individuals] was at home, he immediately became a target. We bombed him and his house.'

'It was very surprising for me that we were asked to bomb a house to kill a ground soldier, whose importance in the fighting was so low,' another source said.

When it came to Lavender's AI-targeting of these Palestinians as alleged low-ranking militants, this source said that they 'nicknamed those targets 'garbage targets.'' 

'Still, I found them more ethical than the targets that we bombed just for 'deterrence,' high-rises that are evacuated and toppled just to cause destruction,' the unnamed source said.

One intel source personally attested that they had authorized the bombing of 'hundreds' private homes of alleged junior Hamas or Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) members based on the Lavender AI's designations. 

'We didn't know who the junior [Hamas or PIJ] operatives were,' another source said, 'because Israel didn't track them routinely [before the war].'

'They wanted to allow us to attack [the junior operatives] automatically. 

'That's the Holy Grail. Once you go automatic, target generation goes crazy.' 

Phone-tracking data, the intelligence sources said, proved to be one notoriously unreliable metric treated as valid by Lavender's algorithm.

'In war, Palestinians change phones all the time,' one intelligence official said. 

'People lose contact with their families, give their phone to a friend or a wife, maybe lose it. There is no way to rely 100 percent on the automatic mechanism that determines which [phone] number belongs to whom.'

According to the intel source named B., Lavender helped many in the IDF distance themselves from the human toll of their actions in Gaza.

'There has been an illogical amount of [bombings] in this operation,' B. said. 'This is unparalleled, in my memory.'

'The machine did it coldly. And that made it easier.'

Deaths in Gaza due to IDF bombing campaigns and its other military responses have climbed above 30,000 according to local Ministry of Health (MoH) reports, have since been rigorously analyzed and confirmed by medical researchers at Johns Hopkins for a piece in The Lancet.

The Johns Hopkins researchers compared those death reports to public information on the bombing campaigns, census data and analysis from the UN Population Fund, and satellite imagery from NASA Open Street Maps to verify the plausibility of the death toll figures.

'The death reporting system currently being used by the Palestinian MoH was assessed in 2021, 2 years before the current war, and was found to under-report mortality by 13 percent,' the researchers said. 

Using their own metrics, the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine has also confirmed the death tool with added satellite imagery of the IDF's bombings.

The London School has now collaborated with Johns Hopkins to estimate future deaths between now and August for three scenarios: 11,580 excess deaths in a ceasefire scenario, due to disease and malnutrition; 66,720 excess deaths for a status quo scenario; and 85,750 excess deaths if there is an escalation of hostilities. 

Israel instigated its military campaign in Gaza, a densely populated coastal region created as part of Israel's decades-long territorial conflict with Palestinian residents who share generational and historic ties to the region, last October.

A Hamas terrorist attack on October 7, 2023, targeting the Nova Music Festival near the Re'im settlement, took the lives of an estimated 1,200 Israelis, plus hostages.

The devastating, ensuing conflict has led to a United Nations Security Council call for an immediate ceasefire, war crimes proceedings at the International Court of Justice at the Hague, and widespread calls for a more swift and peaceful resolution.